Professional Roles And Development Plan - 1206 Words

Professional Roles and Development Plan The nursing workforce plays an essential role in our health care system and the role of nursing is evolving due to shortage of nurses, new emerging technology within the healthcare system and the needs to provide quality of care in the most cost effective ways. The focus of this paper is to analyze the roles and the required skills of the baccalaureate prepared nurse in the 21st century healthcare system. In addition, I will also describe my career development plan for personal and professional growth while incorporating the Texas Board of Nursing Differential Essential and the AACN Essentials of a Baccalaureate Education in the following year after my graduation from the University of Houston. Roles of a Baccalaureate Nurse Nursing workforce plays an important role in today health care system. Nowadays, a baccalaureate nurse provides both direct and indirect care to patients. In addition to provide direct care to the patient, as stated by the AACN in their article The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice, â€Å"Baccalaureate generalist nurses are designers, coordinators, and managers of care. The generalist nurse, prepared at the baccalaureate degree level, will have the knowledge and authority to delegate tasks to other healthcare personnel, as well as to supervise and evaluate these personnel.† (AACN, pg. 9). Providing Care to Patient It is clear that providing care for patients across the lifespan isShow MoreRelatedPlanning For Professional Development Of Teachers1627 Words   |  7 PagesPlanning for professional development of teachers Reem Alruyali HDL 692 The need for professional growth is constant in the Education field because teachers cannot live a lifetime on a specific set of knowledge, skills, and competencies with the open pressure and progress of knowledge that is available in this current day and age. This requires the teacher to keep informed at a level of renewed information, skills, and modern trends in teaching methods and techniques. Thus, education for teacherRead MoreImproving Second Language Learners Through The Improvement Of Teachers Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesStaff development is critical to improving second language learners through the improvement of teachers’. Administrators of bilingual programs are encouraged to link an active staff development policy to their school improvement plan. Therefore, all employees, teachers, and ancillary staff must be included in the staff development plan. â€Å"Thus, professional development designs must be carefully planned, monitored, and evaluated.† (Calde ron Minaya-Rowe, 2003, p. 186). Moreover, the ensuing paperRead MorePersonal Development and Hr1445 Words   |  6 Pagesor LD role. 2 Know how to deliver timely and effective HR services to meet users’ needs 2.1 Identify the needs of those using HR services within an organisation and explain how conflicting needs are identified and prioritised. 2.2 Identify different methods of communication and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each. 2.3 Describe how to build and maintain effective service delivery. 3 Be able to reflect on own practice and development needs andRead MoreTransitional Objects Of A Child1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn this section we will discuss transitional objects and what role they play in the development of a child. A transitional object is a physical object that helps toddlers to transit emotionally from a stage of dependence to a stage of independence. The toddler thinks that the object is part of it, and this transition stage enables the toddler to realize that the mother is not me as well as separateness of other objects. These objects become vitally important to a toddler when going to sleep andRead MoreCipd Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesYourself as an Effective Learning Development Practitioner Unit No/s 4DEP (LD) Level Foundation Credit value 4 Assessment method Written, Discussion Learning outcomes: 1. Understand the knowledge, skills and behaviours required to be an effective LD practitioner. 2. Know how to deliver timely and effective LD services to meet users’ needs. 3. Be able to reflect on own practice and development needs and maintain a plan for personal development. All activities should beRead MorePromote Professional Development1216 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Yvonne Hemmings Leadership and Management Level 5 Assessment Task: Promote Professional development As a manager in your setting you know that the ability to reflect on your own practice is an essential skill. You have decided to prepare a set of guidance notes on the principles of professional development for your staff team which; 1 – Understand principles of professional development 1.1 Explains the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice. In my opinion I believe it is importantRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 Pagesaccountable for patients or clients, communities and society. Therefore, my practice should always adhere to professional standards, guidelines and professional codes of conduct. I have a commitment to quality of care through lifelong learning to advance my competence, as well as through engaging in research to generate new knowledge which sustains nursing as a profession. Learning plan Career development is recognised as the realisation of personal goals and interests in one’s career (Kuijpers, SchynsRead MoreProfessional Development Plan For Career Goals1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Professional development plans are important tools that serve various purposes. It serves as a reflective tool that the APN uses in assessing and evaluating the path they are taking and the goals they want to achieve. Professional development plans are important tools used by advanced practice nurses to highlight the skills and knowledge attained through personal and professional growth. Whether an APN is looking to apply for a new job or advance in a particular position, a professional developmentRead MorePersonal And Professional Self Development Plan Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages Yordanis Suarez Self-Development Plan NSG 3006 XA Professional Nursing Practice September, 2015 Rayuana Gray South University Online Personal and Professional Self-Development Plan A good way to think of a self-development plan is to consider this a business plan for your professional career development. Like a business plan, it should express your desired goals (both short-term and long-term), your objectives, and the resources you need. All elements of the plan should be specific enough toRead MoreMy Professional Development Plan Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesMy Professional Development Plan Tracie Johnson NUR/391 July 26, 2010 Andrea M. Abt My Professional Development Plan My professional development plan is to grow as a nurse by obtaining knowledge through school and daily life and work experiences. In five to 10 years, I will be able care for patients and their families as a nurse practitioner. Setting short-term and long-term goals will help guide through the journey to transition into the role of professional nursing and provide new opportunities

Cool How The Brain s Hidden Quest For Cool Drives Our...

For something to be considered as cool, it needs to gain the interest of people and has to manage to satisfy them because without interest and satisfaction, something will not be taken into account to be valued. Authors of Cool: How the Brain s Hidden Quest for Cool Drives Our, Economy and Shapes Our World, Steven Quartz and Anette Asp, emphasis how cool can change in society to conform to what is currently important in the economy. â€Å"Cool’s social signals changed to reflect the qualities highly valued in a knowledge economy. Whereas rebel cool was all about rebelliousness, DotCool is about unconventionality, creativity, and learning† (Steven Quartz and Anette Asp 213). It is important to note that creativity and unconventionality gain the interest of people and learning achieves a fulfillment of knowledge among people that ends in satisfaction. In today’s modern society, things need to be up to date with the newest and latest trends, which are usually associated with fashion, technology, music, activities, and more to be labeled as cool and sold in the economy. The media tends to target these areas to make sure the public is well aware of what is currently popular, so people can become curious and look more into it to eventually buy it. Focusing more on technology, the media has promoted consumer items such as iPhones and have managed to intrigue a lot of the youth population especially teenagers. IPhones are mainly attracted to the youth for the reason that theyShow MoreRelated Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation7359 Words   |  30 PagesPolkinghorne, a physicist turned theologian. As the reader follows through the remainder of his cosmic creation story, the reader is intrigued at how mystical and religious the story sounds. â€Å"The space boiled, in the rapid expansion of the inflat ion era, blowing the universe apart with incredible rapidity in the much less than 10-30 seconds that it lasted. . . . The world suddenly became transparent and a universal sea of radiation was left to continue cooling on its own . . .†[ii] Then, the story unfoldsRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesMonday, 26 October 2009 Preface This dissertation titled ART AS A RENDEZVOUS OF MYTH AND MIND: A PSYCHOANALYTIC AND MYTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF O V VIJAYAN’S THE LEGENDS OF KHASAK explores how the judicious selection and use of literary theory can account for the universal appeal of The Legends of Khasak, a belated self translated rendering of a famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into fourRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pageshave to score your results, as the web page does so for you, 2) You will receive a detailed type report immediately after completing the web based survey, and 3) I will be able to present your group’s specific data at the session. Several hints about how to best complete this survey: †¢ There are no right answers to any of these questions. †¢ Answer the questions quickly, do not over-analyze them. Some seem worded poorly. Go with what feels best. â € ¢ Answer the questions as â€Å"the way you are†, not â€Å"the wayRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesFall of Asclepius By Harm 1 and Icrick Prologue Where should I begin? The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its deadRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pageslost and by the wind-grieved ghosts, come back again!† But we should not despair. In high tech, the good news is that, although we lose our companies with alarming frequency, we keep the people along with the ideas, and so the industry as a whole goes forward vibrantly, even as the names on our paychecks slide into another seamlessly (OK, as seamlessly as our systems interoperate, which as marketing claims is†¦ well that’s another matter). Crossing the Chasm was written in 1990 and published inRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology eRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesMarriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of andRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesaccounting community may be less able to fulfil these roles in the coming years. In part this reflects a more general decline in the academic world as falling relative salaries and status have reduced the intake of talented academic entrepreneurs. But I also think it reflects the cumulative impact of regulatory and careerist pressures in the academic world itself. With government agencies pressing for ever more standardized and conventional research and with increasingly instrumental careerist Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast Free Essays

Comparison of characters from ‘The Poisonwood Bible’ and ‘The Mosquito Coast ‘The Mosquito Coast’, directed by Peter Weir, is a movie quite similar in many aspects to the book ‘The Poisonwood Bible’, written by Barbara Kingsolver, one of those aspects being the similarities between the setting and the characters. In both books, the figure-head of the family, Allie Fox (in ‘The Mosquito Coast’) and Nathan Price (from ‘The Poisonwood Bible’) both have similar characteristics, however, different approaches to their ideas. For example, Nathan believes in forcing on his views and ways onto the Congolese people, however, Allie believes in cooperation with them to succeed in his goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both also seem incredibly lifelike as they seem like determined men who are willing to get to their goals at the beginning, however, they seem somewhat more lifelike when they loose something that is close, and become obsessed with their goals, forgetting the welfare of their own families. Both stories are about two families who leave America, their home country, to go to a foreign land. The two ‘heads’, however, leave for very different reasons, but they do somewhat leave their families with no choice but to go with them. In ‘The Mosquito Coast’, Allie takes his family to the Central American rain forests as a means to ‘escape’ America and it’s fate with the Atomic Bombs. Allie also believes that his scientific research is not of any value in America, and believes that his inventions would be more valued if they where taken into areas that have barely been touched by civilization. Nathan, however, leaves his family with no choice when he says that they are moving to the Congo as part of his missionary work. He was actually offered this job, and took it in good stride, believing that he should take his message to places which are less civilized. Nathan Price is a Baptist Minister who lives his life by the Bible. He believes that he is a coward for having escaped the fate of being killed in the Battaan Death March, where his whole team died, but he survive due to prior injuries. After that incident, Nathan became quite obsessed with the idea of God hating him for his cowardice. He vowed never to be a coward again and devoted his life to saving as many souls as he could. Nathan becomes so obsessed with his work that he believed that every obstacle in his way was a ‘test by God’ to see his resilience. Allie, on the other hand, is an inventor, so claimed by his son, Charlie. He seems to be obsessed, yet thinks quite morally. Allie believes that America is dying, so he decides to leave as he thinks it is too ‘painful’ for him to watch something he loves die. He gave the example of his mother, who was in hospital when she said ‘†Why don’t you just give me rat poison? ‘†, whereupon Allie said that he left, as he could not bear watch loosing someone close. Both Nathan and Allie share the same obsession of getting to their goals. So much so, in fact, that they forget about their families welfare and safety almost completely. Even when There is a sudden turn of events, they seem undeterred by what they call their ‘destiny’. Nathan was unmoved by the death of Ruth-May as he sees the rain as an opportunity to baptize the locals, instead of mourn for his daughters loss. Nathan blames the fact that Ruth-May was not actually baptized, hence making her death somewhat ‘acceptable’ to him. Allie believes the destruction of his machine was somewhat supported by Reverend Spellgood. Allie seems to be a very non-religious person, however, he does know the quotes of the Bible. This shows that Allie explores a few possibilities, yet he only decides to expand on those that he likes. In that manner, Nathan is somewhat unwise in his approach to helping the people. He decides, as soon as he arrives at his house in Kilanga, to set up an ‘American Garden’, whereby he will make food for his family as well as show the the people of Kilanga his prosperity just because he does not worship false idols. Nathan attempts to almost force his ways and ideas onto the Congolese people. He seems unbent on his determination to show no cowardice, yet he does not seem willing to accept other ideas. At a point, he does see that Mama Tataba’s technique to plant his beans seem to be more appropriate, and does actually implant those ideas. As time passes by, and he sees not much crowd in the Church, he slightly looses his mind and then decides that all his obstacles where placed by God to deter him and to test him. This is very contrary to what Allie does at the beginning of the movie. Although he may have moved from the USA and dragged his family along, he decides to take a different approach into making his way into the locals hearts. Where Nathan attempted to force his ways onto the locals and believed that he was superior, Allie decided to work with them. He said before the project began ‘†If I don’t work hard enough, you tell me. I am not your boss, I am your friend, and I want to work for you†¦ ‘†. He may have planned out the project, but he certainly did work as though he were under instructions to do what he was told. He seemed very cooperative, and whenever Mother Fox got any materials to share, she enhanced her husbands popularity by sharing those goods, for example the cloth she was given by the missionaries. She made clothes for her daughters and noticed that Mr. Haddy, a local, was eying the cloth, she decided to make one for him. In the next scene, it shows that everyone on that small island was wearing the same yellow piece of cloth in some shape of form. Had Nathan been in this situation, he would probably have told his wife of for giving away their resources to the ‘unsaved’ souls, yet he might also see it as a tactical move to make them go to Church. Allie took this in stride and made the most out of the people’s gratitude towards their family by still making them work hard. Nathan and Allie both seem very lifelike characters in their own environments and also in the real world, they could be anywhere amongst us. Their obsessive and arrogant attitudes can be seen in quite a few people who seem quite determined to get what they want. Nathan seems very lifelike and rationale at the beginning, where the image of a determined Baptist Minister is portrayed. As the story progresses, that image becomes a haze and a more arrogant and devoted trait comes to light, towards the end, he seems possessed by his work, whereupon he forgets the welfare of his own family, remaining undeterred by the death of one of his own children. This, towards the end, seems slightly unrealistic and immoral. However, the presence of this possibility is definitely strong. Allie seems like a genuinely outgoing and friendly person at the beginning, and this is completely believable. Many people use the same cover of saying that they are all equal in order to get work done. His depression also seems very lifelike as he seems to be completely shattered when he sees his beloved Ice Machine blow up. Yet, towards the end, he does seem also obsessed with the idea of exploring new possibilities. He does go paranoid, thinking that his family is against him, so he forces them to sit on their home-turned-boat and decides to go upriver. When the rotor breaks away from the main engine, Allie goes underwater to get it. Due to his extended period underwater, his family worries and Charlie gets the idea of heading back downriver to get help from Mr. Haddy, and quite possibly also return to America. As soon as this idea is shared, Allie comes up and realizes that his own kids are conspiring against him, and punishes them for it. This seems extreme, yet absolutely possible for a man who seems to be addicted to his goal. Not only do Nathan and Allie share similarities, but also their wives. Both Orleanna and Mother always seem to be following their husbands orders, yet at a point, they both realize that what they are doing is wrong. Towards the beginning, both wives are happy to see their husbands working outside, Nathan in the garden and Allie in the jungle clearing space for his house. Orleanna seems to realize quicker on in the story that Nathan could potentially get them hurt, and decides to speak up. This, comparing to Mother’s timing, seemed quite early. This could very likely due to the fact that Nathan seems uninterested in his family and Allie cares a lot about them. Mother only decides to go against Allie when they reach the Ocean and the whole family is rejoicing with the thoughts of returning to America, when Allie destroys their enthusiasm by saying that America isn’t there and that they weren’t going back. This made Mother question Nathans morality, whereupon the lack of enthusiasm spreads across the whole family. Allie goes from being a friend to a leader almost spontaneously. Orleanna starts to make plans of escape immediately after she gets better from hearing the news of the Congo going into an election period and that her family was staying through it, due to her husbands arrogance. She does eventually leave him, however, Nathan changes slightly in a way one may perceive apologetic. Allie, after burning Reverend Spellgood’s church bell, goes back to see his family leaving him, and says that they couldn’t live without them. When he gets shot, their family escapes with his injured body on the boat. All the characters in both the book and the movie seem incredibly lifelike as the stereotypical family is put into extreme conditions. This causes the stereotypical families, which generally include of the male being the leader f the house, the bread earner, and the females being the followers, commanding her children to follow her father and herself. This changes very quickly when the two families go through some trouble in their respective environments, causing the males to get angrier and the females to look out for the welfare of her children more than anything. Both men forget about the opinion of their families (Nathan, ofcourse, not caring about the ir opinion anyways), and seem set on doing everything possible, except return to the life of luxury. How to cite Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast, Papers

Arguments Surfaced Between Several Players-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Arguments Surfaced Between Several Players? Answer: Introduction In the recent times, arguments have surfaced between several players in the education sector and psychologists on the appropriate mode of teaching students. With education serving to enhance the psychological, intellectual, physical, and social development in children, there have been debates if there is a holistic mode of attaining this goal. These discussions have been intensified with deferring personalities in school children. The divergent personalities illustrated by students implies that it is the role of educators to select the best method to handle their students. Over the years, psychologists have offered different models of managing students. Specifically, the operant conditioning framework is among the popular models applied by teachers to address the various issues in a classroom setting. The operant conditioning perspective has been hailed and criticized by different players in the education sector. Some critics argue that the model have adverse implications on the stud ents behavioral change. On the other hand, the proponents of this model claim that it motivates the students to embrace positivity. Although operant conditioning theory can have positive implications on the student behaviors, its application on the students presented in the case can further deteriorate the situation. Classroom Behaviors of Primary Five Students Students in the primary five level of education in Singapore have an age range of ten to eleven years. In this respect, these are children who are in their formative age. According to Marshall (2014), children within this age exhibits increased social interests and are friendly. However, Marshall (2014) is quick to point out that the behavior of some children can be bizarre and confusing. Interestingly, Keenan, Evans, and Crowley (2016) posit that students at this level value friendship and tend to react as a group. Furthermore, the students are highly sensitive to negative social stimuli like aggressive people. In this respect, it is possible that the negative behaviors exhibited by the students in Janes class are due to exposure to social stressors. The stressors can be Janes teaching methodologies, unconducive learning environment, or poor and unfriendly parenting. According to Watkins (2005), students between 10-11 years are in the process of intensive emotional development. This emotional development makes the children worry more about self-image and how other people view them. Consequently, this focus on self- image and other people's perception makes the students be embarrassed by being corrected in public. The view presented by Watkins (2005) is supported by Cliff et al. (2016) who expounds that this fear of what other people make the students to be withdrawn in classroom activities. The claims by Cliff et al. (2016) describes the situation in Jane's class perfectly. In fact, it proves that the reserved nature of Janes students is not related to the complexity of the materials being taught. Instead, it emanates from emotional development that inflicts fear of embarrassment in class among the individual students. Furthermore, the students at this level like to test the established classroom rules and boundaries. For instance, the students know that they can be punished for not completing their homework. However, they will intentionally not complete the assigned task to see the reaction of the teachers. According to Bergese (2006), teachers should relate the delinquent state of students at this level to complex psychological changes they are undergoing and direct them accordingly. Moreover, Ray (2015) outlines that students at this age are organized, structured, and logical and desire to be accepted by their peers. In this respect, the students tend to act as a unit. The collective conduct by children at this stage explains the typical behavior illustrated by the students in Jane's class. However, students at this level also demonstrate an advanced level of thinking compared to those at lower levels. According to Ray (2015), these students possess advanced analytical skills, are logical in their arguments, and love interactive learning strategies. This observation by Ray (2015) is very useful for educators like Jane who are eager to motive their students to be more interested in academic works. Additionally, the suggestion is important in designing learning instructions in the classroom. However, it is important to remember that students have different personalities and teachers have the responsibility of developing and inclusive teaching strategies to address the needs of all pupils. Application of Operant Conditioning in the Scenario The application of operant conditioning in Janes case can either lead to positive or negative outcomes. Psychologically, students in Janes class are at a delicate stage of development and need to be handled carefully. According to Bosworth and Judkins (2014), there are certain components of operant conditioning that can adversely affect behavioral change in students. With operant conditioning focusing on altering the environmental effects that shape an individuals behavior, students can react negatively to the modifications. As Novak (2004) points out, operant conditioning involves the use of positive or negative reinforcements to impact behavioral change. Additionally, the method uses positive or negative punishment to influence change. In Janes situation, she can apply different positive reinforcements to stimulate her students academic participation. According to Bosworth and Judkins (2014), a reward is one the positive influencers that Jane can use to motive her students academically. In this method, Jane can promise gifts to students who complete the assignments or participate in class. This strategy addresses the stipulations of motivational theories. As Deci and Ryan (2016) deliberate, teachers can use motivators like compliments or gifts to enhance the motivation levels of the students. Consequently, students will be motivated to participate classroom activities because they want to be rewarded. However, Skinner (2015) warns that the use of positive influencers like a reward can be detrimental in the long-run. Accounting to Skinner (2015), withdrawing the reward can make the students lose interest in learning activities. Additionally, it removes personal interest in education making the students think that their education only benefits their educators. Since education is for the good of self, the use of rewards damages the p rimary goals of education. Alternatively, Jane can use punishment as a way of motivating her students to complete their academic duties. According to Bryd, Loeber, and Pardini (2014), punishment serves as an effective deterrent measure. For instance, Jane can decide to punish all the students who fail to participate actively in class or fail to complete an assignment by making them run around the class five times. With time, the students will participate in class activities and complete their homework as a way to avoid punishment(Byrd, Loeber, Pardini, 2014). However, there are detrimental effects associated with the punishment approach. According to Miller et al. (2014), punishment can have an adverse implication on a child's psychological and social development. As earlier stated, children in level five are embarrassed when they are corrected or punished publicly. Consequently, punishing the students for not participating in class activities or completing assignments can make them withdraw further from thes e activities. Moreover, Bryd, Loeber, and Pardini (2014) state that punishment does not promote positive behaviors. Instead, it only tells the offenders what to avoid. For instance, punishing the students for not completing an assignment will not support intellectual development as directed by the goals of education. In extreme cases, punishment can also make the children exhibit antisocial behaviors. According to a study conducted by Furukawa et al. (2017), it was observed that punishing children occasionally make them withdraw from learning and social activities. In this respect, applying operant conditioning in Janes case will not have positive implications on the intellectual and psychological development of the students. Strength and weakness of Operant Conditioning compared to Kohlbergs Theory The operations conditioning concept is a vital strategy in behavior management. According to Skimmer (2015), one of the key strengths of this method is that it deals it addresses a specific behavior. The precise nature of operant conditioning makes it effective in handling undesirable traits within a short duration. On the other hand, Kohlbergs theory of moral development looks at moral behaviors as a function of multiple interacting factors. According to Parker (2017), Kohler theory argues that moral development is a progressive process that begins at childhood and shaped by several external factors. In this respect, Kohlbergs theory is not effective in eradicating negative behaviors within a short timeframe. The use of punishment and reinforcement make the students know what is wrong. For instance, when a student is rewarded for completing a task or punished for not tackling the assignment, they are likely to respond accordingly. The deterrent effects of operant conditioning make it useful in making the students to follow the available rules and regulation. In contrast, Kohlbergs theory insists on the moral judgment of the students based on the way they have been raised. However, as Parker (2017) point out, the Kohlbergs theory is very efficient in propagating self-drive and responsibility in students. Unlike the operant condition which only focuses altering a specific behavior, the moral development theory aims at having an inclusive effect on an individuals behaviors. Additionally, the operant conditioning focuses on the problem but not its cause. In this respect, the method is ineffective in creating permanent change in behaviors. According to Shaffer, Lindhiem, and Kolkeo (2017), operant conditioning elements like reward and punishment result in a temporal change in the undesirable behaviors. In Jane's case, the students will participate in class activities or complete their assignment as long as there is a reward or punishment. However, if the reward or punishment is withdrawn, the students have high chances of reverting to their initial condition. Consequently, the operant conditioning methodology is not a long-term strategy in influencing positive change in a learning environment. When handling moral issues, it is vital to look at externalities that affect behaviors. For instance, the students in Jane's class might be reacting in that manner due to family problems, social complications, or poor teaching strategies by Jane. According to Skinner (2015), people are a result of multiple interacting social, psychological, and intellectual factors. In this respect, Jane should employ an inclusive strategy in handling her students behaviors. For instance, Jane can utilize the learning by doing perspective proposed by American philosopher John Dewey. According to Foster et al. (2016), Dewey advocates for an education system that relates to a childs attribute and social changes. In this respect, Jane can alter the attitude of her students by actively involving them in the learning process by using the modes that the pupils prefer. For instance, she can use visual presentations to provoke the thinking of her students. With Bergese (2006) promoting that children at level five love being recognized by their peers, Jane can also utilize group discussion as a way of enhancing students' participation in academic activities. Judgement On Operant Conditioning effectiveness In Jane's scenario, operant conditioning will not be an effective mean of addressing the problem. Although the method provides short-term solutions to the problem facing Jane, it risks making the situation worse. In fact, Jane will have to either punish or reward the students consistently to ensure they perform their academic duties. However, this move removes the self-drive required for academic excellence. Consequently, Jane should utilize a more inclusive approach that examines and addresses the root of the current students behaviors. Conclusion In conclusion, operant conditioning is not a useful approach to address Jane's situation. The use of reward or punishment will make Jane a hostage to the students. In this view, Jane has to keep on rewarding or punishing the students for them to participate in classroom activities. Additionally, several studies have confirmed that punishment can make the student have antisocial behaviors. As illustrated by the theory of moral development, ethical behaviors are affected by multiple factors. Therefore, Jane should utilize an all-rounded approach to address that cause of the undesirable behaviors in her students. References Bergese, R. (2006). Understanding 10-11-Year-Olds. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Bosworth, K., Judkins, M. (2014). Tapping into the power of school climate to prevent bullying: One application of school-wide positive behavior interventions and supports. Theory Into Practice, 53(4), 300-307. Byrd, A. L., Loeber, R., Pardini, D. A. (2014). Antisocial behavior, psychopathic features, and abnormalities in reward and punishment processing in youth. Clinical child and family psychology review, 17(2), 125-156. Cliff, D. P., Hesketh, K. D., Vella, S. A., Hinkley, T., Tsiros, M. D., Ridgers, N. D., Plotnikoff, R. C. (2016). Objectively measured sedentary behavior and healthcare and development in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta?analysis. Obesity Reviews, 17(4), 330-334. Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (2016). Optimizing students' motivation in the era of testing and pressure: A self-determination theory perspective. Building autonomous learners, 9-29. Foster, M. E., Antony, J. L., Clements, D. H., Sarama, J., Williams, J. M. (2016). Improving mathematics learning of kindergarten students through computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 47(3), 206-232. Furukawa, E., Alsop, B., Sowerby, P., Jensen, S., Tripp, G. (2017). Evidence for increased behavioral control by punishment in children with attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(3), 248-257. Keenan, T., Evans, S., Crowley, K. (2016). An Introduction to Child Development. Los Angeles: SAGE. Marshall, N. (2014). The Teacher's Introduction to Attachment: Practical Essentials for Teachers, Carers and School Support Staff. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Miller, N. V., Haas, S. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Willoughby, M. T., Helseth, S. A., Crum, K. I., Pelham, W. E. (2014). Behavior therapy and callous-unemotional traits: effects of a pilot study examining modified behavioral contingencies on child behavior. Behavior therapy, 45(5), 606-618. Novak, G. (2004). Child and Adolescent Development: A Behavioral Systems Approach. London: SAGE. Parker, E. (2017). Do Non-Classroom Interactions with Faculty Affect Moral Development among College Students? College Student Affairs Journal, 35(1), 3-13. Ray, D. C. (Ed.). (2015). A Therapist's Guide to Child Development: The Extraordinarily Normal Years. London: Routledge. Skinnner, B. F. (2015). "A world of our own. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 15(1), 21-14. Watkins, C. (2005). Classrooms as Learning Communities: What's In It For Schools? London: Routledge.

Levine, Jake Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Levine, Jake 2/6 /17 Respect for the Law " Built within the Constitution of the United States are specifically defined freedoms that are guaranteed to all citizens" (Jordan, 1999) . However, w ith every constitutional freedom there comes a great responsibility , such as time . Given an understanding of the importance of time and the decreasing nature of it , time commitment decisions are among the most important and challenging choices that someone must make. On September 25 , 1789, the state legislature proposed twelve amendments, which were later passed by congress. Th e first two deal t with the salary that the congress would receive and the amount involvement congress would have. The last ten amendments were established and accepted by all states as the Bill of Rights in 1751. The first amendment of the United States Constitution states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercises thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances". However, one must comprehend the numerous responsibilities that come with the freedom proposed in our constitution. When learning the way to correctly respect and not take advantage of your freedoms one must take time to understand the responsibilities at hand. I consider time to be a gift from God especially when understanding how to respect the traffic law s . My perception of time differs in various situations, however, not when understanding respect. I believe that time has a beginning and an end . Time, either too much, or more often not enough of, is the root of not obeying the traffic laws. Since time will not stop for you , I strive to use my time wisely. One day I will not be able to live as freely as I do currently , so I believe that it is important to make the most of what time I have when respecting the traffic laws provided for not only my safety, but rather the citizens that could have been affected by my poor decision making. I must respect the traffic law s , so I therefore, will be respecting what my life offers. When we wake up respect is always around . When we go to a restaurant there is respect. When we go to a school, there is respect. When you go to your family reunion, there is respect. These examples may not be noticeable , but that is only because you are taking them for granted each day . However, if you are not respectful, then you will not be respected, it is just that simple. So, you should always be respectful , whether on or off the roads as well as others so they will treat yo u with the same respect . When one abides by the traffic law s that shows respect for the law s and the safety if provides. On the other hand, if one is disrespectful toward the traffic law s , then there are repercussions, that one should accept without question. If one questions authority when they are guilty, it is disrespectful not only to the court of law, but the traffic law put in place for society's saf ety. Al though the first amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press," one should not question a punishment given by authority as it is more than likely deserved. Furthermore, one does not have control over the inevitable, therefore gives me a motive to convert my time into meaningful actions that benefit those around me. Though time may cycle, I will always learn from the mistakes I made and will continue to make, but the punishments I receive will be taken into consideration for further meaningful actions . Therefore, in the near future I would like to commit my time to making my personal life and society better . Throughout this process, I have thought deeper about how my academic in high school have been affected . With

Essay about World War 1

Essay about World War 1 Essay about World War 1 - how it began HS 102-E01 The Broken Balance of the Great European Powers Lead to the Great War One hundred years ago, on July 28th, 1914, World War I began. Four years, three months and one week later, roughly 16 million deaths later, there seemed to be nothing grand about the so called Great War except the amount of causalities and damage left behind. World War I set the stage for the 20th Century. World War II, the Cold War, post-colonialism and the decline of Europe all followed after it. The question of the root cause has been tackled by many historians and is still unanswered and will most likely remain unanswered. What happened to disturb the relative peace and balance of power in Europe (1871-1914) and lead to the beginnings of World War I? In order to begin to answer the question, there are numerous factors to put into account including the hundreds of years history leading up to the summer of 1914. Although, there is one constant force that drives nations against each other and that is power. One of David Fromikin’s theories is that WWI was really two wars tha t were intertwined and started by rival empires that joined forces out of mutual need. He states, â€Å"The wars were about power. Specifically, they were about the great European powers that at the time ruled the world. Both Germany and Austria believed to be on the way down. Each started a war to stay where it was† (Europe's Last Summer). Attempts to maintain a balance between the great powers of Europe (Britain, France, Prussia/Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia) seemed to be a never ending struggle which led to many wars. For example, The Seven Years' War (1754-1763) took place between the great powers of Europe, The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) lead the French Empire to gain too much power and this sowed the seeds of nationalism because Europe feared that anyone to gain as much power as Napoleon again, the Crimean War (1853 -1856) between France and Britain against Russia occurred to prevent abuse of power. War was a means of gaining territory and annexing new lan ds, gaining capital and natural recourses but whenever one European nation seemed to be gaining too much control, other nations went to war to preventing one nations from disturbing the balance. After Napoleon’s near complete domination sent shock waves throughout the world in the 19th century, Europe was very aware of the damage a Empire could spread when it got out of hand. Because of this history, nations may have paranoid to the rise of a newly unified nation of Germany. â€Å"The creation of Germany and its annexation of French territory in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)† (Fromkin) made another war between them seem inevitable because France would want their land back. Germany also made an â€Å"attempt to rival Britain as a naval power† (Fromkin) and this was seen as threat. All in all, new formed Germany was not very quick to make friends with other European nations and the old balance of power involving France, Prussia, Austria-Hung ary, and Russia was replaced by a new system. The formation of alliances between nations replaced the broken balance of power principles after Germany rose to power. Europe’s complicated history of conflicts and wars along with their newly formed issues right before 1914, broke their short lived vulnerable peace. The struggle for power over Europe in the 19th century lead to the growth of competition, an increase in nationalism and heated up rivalries. Most countries and leaders are guilty of greed and thirst for power and this is evident in European nations in the practice of imperialism and colonization. Competition is evident during the period of intense colonization of Africa known as â€Å"new imperialism† after 1875. The â€Å"scramble for Africa† showed that even when it had been proven that acquiring colonies did not benefit a nation economically as much as trade, nations jumped on the band wagon to prevent other nations from acquiring too much and also to

The Role Of The Federal And Provincial Governments In Compliance With Essay

The Role Of The Federal And Provincial Governments In Compliance With Kyoto Protocol While Increasing Oil Gains In Alberta - Essay Example Over the past century, man-made emissions have increased markedly and the vast majority of scientist, in a growing volume of established studies, have concluded that the earth's climate is changing rapidly due to the alarming amount of green house gases released into the atmosphere as a result of human activitiesiv. The gases that are categorized as Green House Gases include: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbon, hydroflourocarbons and tetraflouromethane. Of these gases, carbon dioxide is the most prevalent and appears to carry the largest chunk of green house gases emitted by human activities. Scientist have demonstrated that these gases accumulate in the atmosphere, and that in large concentrations, they are capable of trapping heat within the earth's surface and in the process, overriding the planet's natural climatic variability resulting in irreversible climatic changev. This essay therefore intends to look at the problem of green house gas emission as it affects Canada's oil production, especially in the Alberta oil sands. The paper will specifically analyze how the federal and provincial governments are working towards solving this problem, with respect to the moral and legal obligations imposed on the country through the ratification of the Kyoto protocol and the competing interests of oil companies. The federal and provincial government, though sincere about attaining the emission reduction targets set by Kyoto, do not want to compromise the wealth that accrues from the Alberta oil production. In essence, though emission reduction is gradually being achieved through the several policies and programs, the oil companies are still allowed to increase their green house gas emission, accounting for this through the purchase of emission permits, either domestically or through international alliances. From this, it can be inferred that the oil companies are willing to cooperate with the government in achieving emissions reduction, as long as it does not impact negatively on their profits. This essay will demonstrate the tensions and compromises made between the governments and oil companies in their attempts to satisfy both economic and environmental concerns. In doing so, the first part of the essay shall take a look at the idea of ecological modernization

1st Warren Buffet and 2nd Hershey Foods Case Study

1st Warren Buffet and 2nd Hershey Foods - Case Study Example Value investors like Buffet target such companies because they have been undervalued in the market. This causes unusual shift of stock investment in the company. When this happens, the values of such companies are deflated and that is when a value investor strikes. The intrinsic value is a company’s stocks, assets and product value. This value may or may not be the same as the current market value. Intrinsic value is different from stock price in the sense that stock price is not used to determine the intrinsic value of a company. A company’s stock price in the stock market might be high or low when analyzed based on intrinsic value. Despite the benefits of acquiring undervalued companies, Value investors, so much consumed in finding ‘value’ in the stock market generally fail to notice some big risks that misguide in making judgments. Such risks include â€Å"value traps† where stocks of a company continue to fall. The other risk is the fact that the returns may be lower that the investment growth. Apart from that, determining the intrinsic value is subjective and varies. This is due to the fact that there are no standard criteria to determine it. Decision can be made based on findings from one analyst and this might turn out to be wrong. Through his multinational holding company Berkshire Hathaway, Buffet has invested in major corporations all over the world. These include; GEICO insurance, National Indemnity Company, Justin Brands, Nebraska Furniture Mart , American Express, The Coca Cola Company, Wells Fargo and Company among others. American Express is one of America’s leading credit card service providers. Buffet owns 14.8% of this finance corporation. Over the past months, the company lost partnership with Costco wholesale that opted to start working with Visa. The loss at Costco is more substantial, but the partnership contract is valid till early 2016. Berkshire has increased its equity share

Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie - Essay Example The analysis would be written in the light of discussing theoretical concepts of literary elements, including dramatic, cinematic and language aspects. Likewise, one would determine what the movie is really about and a "moral to the story," a theme to be explored, or comment to think about. Finally, one would present what the point of the movie is and the personal meaning of the film in ones perception. The Last Airbender is a movie written, produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan who was nominated for 2 Oscars in the categories of Best Director and Best Writing for the movie, The Sixth Sense in 1999 (Internet Movie Database, 2010). The movie was an adaptation of Nickelodeon’s TV animated series entitled Avatar: the Last Airbender. The movie was presented as a narration by one of the principal characters, Katara (Nicola Peltz) on the theme of the story which evolves on their world being divided into four elements: Air, Water, Earth and Fire. Peace used to prevail in their world with an Avatar balancing all forces of nature. When the Avatar disappeared, the Fire Nation, led by Lord Ozai launched war on all the nations claiming superiority over all elements. The film is a depiction of Book 1: Water, where the plot evolves on the Avatar’s honing his water bending skills. The major characters are all youngsters composed of the following: the airbender, who is also the Avatar, is played by Aang (Noah Ringer). The water bender is a young teenaged girl, Katara (Nicola Peltz) was the narrator in the film. Her brother, Sokka (Jackson Rathbone) accompanies Katara and Ang to journey to the Northern Water Tribe to seek for a master who would teach him water bending skills. Finally, Prince Zuko (Dev Patel) is the son of Lord Ozai leader of the Fire Nation, who aims to capture the Avatar and bring him to his father, Lord Ozai, so that the

The Importance Of Wastewater Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Wastewater Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay Water scarcity is the major problem that is faced all across the world. Although 2/3rd of the earths crust is made up of water but all this water is not available for drinking and for other human activities as either it is locked in the form of ice or present in the form of vast saline oceans and seas. It has been found out that 97% of the total water is salty that is of no use to human and animals (except marine animal) and the remaining three percent is available as freshwater. More than half of this three percent is locked in glacier and less than 0.01% is available as fresh water. So water resources are less as compare to human demand for water. Above this, the major part of water that can be consumed is getting polluted because of human activities. This polluted and untreated water is causing abundant water borne diseases. Then the world is facing a huge climatic change which is further aggravating the water problem. Some of the regions are getting more rain water than earlier and some are getting almost negligible. Experts even believe that the next World War would not be for oil or land but it will be for water. Also because of improper use of water and lack of water treatment, the problem of water crisis will further increase where 884 million people are already not getting easy access to safe drinking water. And a further 2.5 billion people are getting difficult access to water for disposable and sanitation. Agriculture is also overusing and polluting the ground water thus depleting the natural source of water. So here water treatment plants will play important role. Water crisis at present is the biggest problem according to the United Nations. Almost 25 countries of Africa, parts of China, Peru and Brazil in Latin America, some parts of Middle East like Iran, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay are some of the countries that are facing the water crisis. Even other parts of the world are facing the varied levels of the water crisis. Because of acute shortage of water, the food problems are getting aggravated. About 40 million people in Africa are facing the problem of food shortage. It is expected that if the similar conditions will persist then there will be 500 million till 2025 who will suffer from these problems. Nature has its role but the major water problem is arising because of its increasing consumption and faulty usage. Major chunk of the problem can be solved if the wastewater treatment is taken very seriously and precautions at every step are taken to improve the water quality. The supply and demand The demand for fresh clean water delivered to our homes is ever increasing as more and more residential homes are being established. Although 70% of the world is covered with water, only 1% is fresh water and thus raises a need to recycle waste water to satisfy our needs. Efforts to continuously recycle waste water are always stressed upon as a shortage would mean a disaster in heavily populated areas. Governments have committed billions towards research and development to such projects. Fresh water is also needed in agriculture. The demand for water in this sector is very high as farmer need fresh water for crops and cattle. Therefore, stresses the demand for sewage water treatment plants to be built. Water from rivers and lake are inadequate to provide water for farm and residences alike. The supply of sewage water treatment facilities are slowly dwindling. A crisis may arise from a lack of sewage water treatment plants as this would greatly reduce the supply of fresh water. Governments are desperately trying to keep up with the pace of development of the population but are slowly lagging behind. The supply of fresh water will be adequate for the next few years but if the development of sewage water treatment plant continues at its current pace it without a doubt a shortage would take place. Furthermore, the agriculture industry will be greatly impacted and the supply of food will go down as well leading to famine due to a shortage of water. The prospects of this industry The wastewater treatment industry most probably will be successful in future due to presence of new wastewater treatment technologies. Advanced Immobilized Cell Reactor technology is one of the new technologies which immobilize the organisms such as bacteria in the pores of the carbon matrix. This process can avoid the immobilized organisms from shock load application as the diffusion of the pollutants from bulk fluid phase to organisms follows Ficks law. Through conventional biological wastewater treatment, infinite electrical energy and vast land area are being consumed. Besides that, a huge investment in electromechanical equipment is involved which will bring about a huge total cost of operation. Generally, the total cost of operation for new technology is lowered compared to the convention technology. By using the new technology, the total cost of operation can be cut down to approximately 50 percent of the total cost of conventional treatment. Furthermore, the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are reduced by 94 percent and 90 percent respectively. Oxygen consumption in the new technology is lower than in conventional technology. The oxygen gas is supplied in the form if compressed air from the bottom of the reactor. Both liquid and gas streams are in counter-current direction which facilitates the oxidation of dissolved organics and desorbs the converted products. This is to make sure the activated carbon keep up its activity throughout the process. Moreover, with all those new wastewater technologies such as Advanced Oxidation Process, NERV (Natural Endogenous Respiration Vessel), Wet oxidation and many others processes, wastewater treatment can be done efficiently. For instant, through the new technologies less land is required to use to build plant; the power consumption is lowered. Besides that, the requirement for electrical and mechanical equipment is lower compared to conventional technology. In a conclusion, wastewater treatment industries have a good prospect in the future with the help of new technologies. By using all those new technologies, waste water treatment can be done efficiently with lower overall lifecycle costs, lesser energy and equipment needed. We are sure that there is more new technologies will be invented in order to improve the wastewater treatment. The impact on the environment When the waste water is mixed with the waste materials such like garbage, household waste, toilets liquid and disposable things, the resulting product called sewage or waste water. This sewage water is normally will undergo a few process before it is release to the environment but there are still some impact on the environment. One of the impacts on the environment is agricultural impacts. The sewage water contains salts which is soluble that may accumulate in the root zone with possible harmful effect on soil health and crop yield. The physical and mechanical properties of the soil, such as dispersion of particle, stability of aggregates, soil structure and permeability are very sensitive to the types of exchangeable ions present in irrigation water. Thus, when effluent use is being planned, several factors related to the soil properties must be taken into consideration. On the other hand the effect of dissolved solids in the irrigation water on the growth of plants is also another aspect of agriculture which we have to concern. Dissolved salts increase the osmotic potential of soil water and increase the osmotic pressure of the soil solution which increases the growth and the yield of most plants decline progressively as osmotic pressure increases. In addition the one of the environment impact is ecological impact where the drainage water from waste water irrigation schemes drains particularly into small confined lakes and water bodies and surface water, and if phosphatesin the ortho phosphate form are present, the remains of nutrients may cause eutrophication. Here the overloading organic materials resulting in decrease in dissolved oxygen may lead to changes in the composition of a aquatic life such as fish deaths and reduced fishery. The eutrophication potential of waste water irrigation can be assessed using biological indices, which in turn can be qualified in monitory units using economic valuation techniques. The hidden impact on the environment is the increase on the production of green house emissions. The large agriculture reuse project might cause to the environmental externalities associated with pumping water uphill which emits greenhouse gas. Another impact is on the health. The sewage water contains pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoans and parasitic worms, the diseases and signs related with such infection are also diverse including typhoid,dysentry and cholera, diarrhea and vomiting. the concentration of he pathogens in waste water is dependent on the source population and the susceptibility to infection varies from one population to another. So basically he waste water is actually harm for the nature even though its treated and release to the environment so as a human being we should not dispose the waste into the water thus our water will be clean and the cost of the treatment can be reduced. The Processes involved in this industry Pre-Treatment(prepared by Brian Lee CL, 0902669) Pre-treatment consists of three sub-stages which are Screening, Grit Removal and Fat and Grease Removal. Pre-treatment is done to remove materials which are easily collected such as debris, leaves and trash which would damage or clog up pumps and skimmers of the primary treatment. Screening is used to remove large objects such as leaves, twigs and cans in the sewage stream. This is normally done with a giant mechanical rake bar which is automated. The rake bar revolves around a central axis at a rate varying on the accumulation and flow rate of the sewage stream. The screens vary in sizes to optimize solid removal. Objects accumulated are collected and disposed in landfills. Grit is minute granules such as sand or stone. The wastewater is channeled to a chamber where to velocity of the water is adjusted so that the grit would settle at the bottom of the chamber. Grit may cause damage to the pumps or other equipment. Grit removal may not necessary in smaller plant. Fat and grease are groups of compounds which are generally insoluble in water. The fat and grease are normally found floating on the surface of the water. In some plants, the fat and grease are removed by using skimmers to collect the fat and grease on the surface of the water in a small tank. However this can also be done in the Primary treatment stage in the same manner. 2) Primary treatment (prepared by Tan HY, 0903497) Primary wastewater treatment is the second step in the wastewater treatment process ahead of the preliminary treatment of a headworks, involves the physical separation of suspended solids from the wastewater flow using primary clarifiers. The objective of primary treatment is the removal of settle able organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation, and the removal of materials that will float (scum) by skimming. Approximately 25 to 50% of the incoming biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 50 to 70% of the total suspended solids (SS), and 65% of the oil and grease are removed during primary treatment. Some organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, and heavy metals associated with solids are also removed during primary sedimentation but colloidal and dissolved constituents are not affected. The effluent from primary sedimentation units is referred to as primary effluent. On the other hand, primary treatment is the minimum level of reapplication treatment required for wastewater irrigation. It may be considered sufficient treatment if the wastewater is used to irrigate crops that are not consumed by humans or to irrigate orchards, vineyards, and some processed food crops. However, to prevent potential nuisance conditions in storage or flow-equalizing reservoirs, some form of secondary treatment is normally required  in  these countries, even in the case of non-food crop irrigation. It may be possible to use at least a portion of primary effluent for irrigation if off-line storage is provided. Primary sedimentation tanks or clarifiers may be round or rectangular basins, typically 3 to 5 m deep, with hydraulic retention time between 2 and 3 hours. Settled solids (primary sludge) are normally removed from the bottom of tanks by sludge rakes that scrape the sludge to a central well from which it is pumped to sludge processing units. Scum is swept across the tank surface by water jets or mechanical means from which it is also pumped to sludge processing units. 2) Secondly treatment (prepared by Harintharan S, 1101379) The secondary treatment in this sewage treatment is one of the most important part in this process. This process is basically designed to remove the waste product from the sewage. This system is also classified as fixed-film  or suspended-growth  systems. The secondary treatment contain a few processes, the 1st process is activated sludge. This activated sludge is majority from the plants which encompass the variety of mechanisms and processes that use dissolve oxygen  to promote the growth of biological flock that substantially removes organic material. This process basically change the ammonia  to  nitrite  and  nitrate  and ultimately to  nitrogen  gas. The 2nd process is this treatment is the Surface-aerated basins also known as Lagoons. This process basically removes the BOD from the sewage water. In an aerated basin system, the aerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide t he mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes).However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units. The biological oxidation in the Surface-aerated basins is sensitive to the temperature and the rate of reaction increase with the temperature. The suitable temperature for this process is in between  0  °C and 40  °C. Besides that the constructed wetland is one of the process also. This process is a process which cleans the drainage of animals and used to recycle the waste water. The constructed wetland are known to be highly productive systems as they copy natural wetlands, called the Kidneys of the earth for their fundamental recycling capacity of the hydrological cycle in the biosphere and they provide a high degree of biological improvement but depending on design. T he next process is the filter beds which is knows as oxidizing beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a bed made up of  coke, then liquor is typically distributed through perforated spray arms, then distributed liquor trickles through the bed and is collected in drains at the base, and the  biological films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi to reduce the organic content. The next process is the Biological aerated filters are a combine filtration with biological carbon reduction,  nitrification  or denitrification. Its a dual processer in purpose of to support highly active biomass that is attached to it and to filter suspended solids. Carbon reduction and ammonia conversion occurs in aerobic mode and sometime achieved in a single reactor while nitrate conversion occurs in  anoxic  mode. This process is operated either in up flow or down flow configuration depending on design specified by manufacturer. In addition the Rotating biological contactors are the next process in this secondary treatment. This is actually a secondary mechanical treatment system which is capable  of withstanding surges in organic load. The rotating disks support the growth of bacteria and micro-organisms present in the sewage, which break down and stabilise organic pollutants. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage.   Effluent from the system is then passed through final clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension settle as sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment. After that the membrane bioreactor combine activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The component on this system uses low pressure for microfiltration or ultra-filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarification and tertiary filtration.   The elevated biomass concentration in the system process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. The final process in this secondary treatment is the secondary sedimentation where the process is to settle out the biological flock or filter material through a secondary clarifier and to produce sewage water containing low levels of organic material and suspended matter. 4) Tertiary treatment (prepared by Raiminder S, 0904743) The main purpose of the tertiary treatment is to ensure that the treated water which is to be released on to the environment is biologically accepted by all other fresh water organisms such as weeds and algae. This part of the treatment includes processes like physical water treatment, lagooning, and excessive nutrient removal processes.to ensure that the discharged water is raised in effluent quality before proceeding to the final stages. In physical water treatment, much of the residual suspended matters are removed using only physical processes such as sedimentation  method and the infamous filtration method. In the sedimentation  method, the water is place in a certain tank to allow all the remaining heaver objects to sink down to the bottom of the container. After few hours went most of the dense object are separated from the water, the cleared effluent or waste stream is removed. Sedimentation is one of the most common methods, quite often used at the beginning and the end of many water treating processes. Another physical method that is commonly used in the sewage water treatment system is the filtration method. In filtration, the water is allowed to pass through filters to separate the contaminating solids from the water. Sand filter is a common filter used in this process. In a number of wastewater treatment methods, semi-solid contaminants like grease and oil are allowed to float on the surface of the wat er, and then they are physically removed. Besides the in lagooning where lagoon is a stationary system having a continuous flow: several ponds working in parallel in which the inlet flow and the outlet flow are equals form lagoon plants. The lagooning technique is a natural and very efficient technique that consists in the accumulation of wastewater in ponds or basins, known as biological or stabilization ponds, where a series of biological, biochemical and physical processes take place. In these ponds or lagoons, certain types of the microorganism are actually supported as these biological agents help in treating the water further by removing the fine particulates. These types of biological ponds are usually classified as anaerobic ponds or oxidation ponds depending on the shape, depth, organic rate, level of treatment of that particular lagoon itself. The excessive nutrient removal is the most viral step in the last stages of the water treatment before the water is released to the environment. When the previously treated water comes to this area of the system, the nutrients level mainly nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is checked. Where when found in excess, the excessive nutrient removal step is carried out. This is because if the unchecked water supply is to be released into the natural water system (river, pond, etc.) it will cause a sudden increase in the native microorganism population of that certain water system. Some of the native microorganisms which are commonly found in ponds today are usually weeds, algae, and cyanobacteria. Therefore, after the sudden rapid grown in the population of these microorganisms, the number of algae for example, becomes unsustainable which causes most of them to die and eventually decay. The following decay process would substantially increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in that p articular pond, which would cause the other fresh water living organism such as fishes to die as well. Firstly, the nitrogen removal process is carried out. There are various methods of removing nitrogen, each with advantages and disadvantages. However, the biological treatment method is used most commonly. With this method, organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrous and nitrate nitrogen in an aerobic environment, and is dispersed into the atmosphere as anaerobic nitrogen gas. Therefore the gas is removed from the water and released to the atmosphere. And as there is no secondary pollution, this can be called an effective method. In the removal of phosphorus is usually carried out using a method called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The first process in EBPR is the mainstream biological treatment process. Where the utilizing of aerobic and solids separation zones and the provision of return activated sludge are carried out. The next is a first side stream process for anoxic/anaerobic selection of desirable BPR organisms such as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Finally, a second side stream process serves to ferment organic material in some of the return activated sludge to produce food utilized in the first side stream selection process. The system permits the three processes to be separated from each other by creating two side streams, allowing all three processes to be controlled separately and optimized in satisfying their own specific goals. Besides this biological method, the removal of phosphorus can also be done via chemical precipitation, usually with salts of iron, alu minum, or lime. Chemical precipitation is usually more reliable, easier to operate, and requires smaller equipment footprint than biological removal. But the main back draws of this chemical method is that it may form excessive sludge production as hydroxides precipitates and the chemical used in this method might be considered expensive. 5) Disinfection (prepared by Lim CS, 1001012) The main purpose of disinfection in the wastewater treatment is to provide a degree of protection from contact with infectants and pathogen organisms which will cause waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery and hepatitis. Disinfection is also used to reduce the load of microorganisms in the wastewater to be discharged to the environment. Primary, secondary and even tertiary treatments do not fully remove the incoming waste load and microorganisms in the water stream and as a result, many microorganisms still remain in the wastewater. Therefore, various methods of disinfection are introduced such as chemical methods, physical methods and biological methods. The effectiveness of disinfection depends on different factors including the quality of wastewater being treated, disinfectant dosage, type of disinfection being used and others. For instant, cloudy wastewater will not be treated efficiently due to less contact time between ultraviolet light and microorganisms. These microorganisms are shielding by those solid matters in wastewater stream and it reduces the contact time. Generally, long contact times, high concentration of disinfectant and optimum temperature and pH value will increase the effectiveness of disinfection. Chlorination is one of the chemical methods which is commonly used for disinfection in the wastewater treatment. It is widely used through the world due to its low cost and long-term history of effectiveness. Chlorine can be applied in two general ways, liquid and gas. Chlorine in gaseous form is generally added to the wastewater stream rather than liquid form which is also known as hypochlorite because the former costs lesser than the latter. When chlorine dissolves in pure water, hypochlorous acid is formed followed by hypochlorites which are known as free residual chlorines Chlorine is an extremely active oxidizing agent which will react with many other substances in the water stream. For instant, it reacts rapidly with such compounds as hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron and manganese which found in industrial wastewater. However, if all of the chlorine is consumed in these reactions, no disinfection will result. Hence, to accomplish disinfection, sufficient chlorine is added into wastewater stream to satisfy the chlorine demand and produce residual chlorine which will destroy bacteria. There are few factors which will affect the effectiveness of chlorination. Among the factors are pH, temperature, turbidity, control system and many others. However, chlorination brings some disadvantage to environment. Chlorination of residual organic material can generate chlorinated-organic compound which may be harmful to the environment. Those residual chlorines are toxic to aquatic species; therefore, dechlorination is needed, adding to complexity and cost of treatment. However, chlorination becomes less favoured as disinfectant due to rising cost and it had found to be toxic to aquatic species. As a result, ozone and ultraviolet begin to be used as disinfectant. Ultraviolet (UV) light is more environmental friendly to be used as no chemicals are used and leave no toxic residual. Ultraviolet radiation and damages the genetic material of microorganisms, destroying their ability to reproduce. Before pass through the UV disinfection unit, the wastewater must pass through an advanced pretreatment component. Wastewater flows in the stream parallel to the UV light in a thin film in order to increase the contact time. To increase the effectiveness of the UV light, the UV radiation must come in direct with pathogen organisms and other microbial in the wastewater stream. The effectiveness of a UV disinfection system is affected by few factors including characteristics of the wastewater, the contact time, intensity of UV radiation and many others. Turbidity, flow rate of water stream and suspended solids are also play an important roles in UV disinfection. These factors must be kept at low levels to ensure proper treatment. Disinfection of wastewater, primarily by chlorination, has played an important role in the reduction of waterborne disease. However, there are more new disinfection processes are being developed in order to maximize the effectiveness of disinfection. Role of engineer in this industry The Chemical Engineering is the profession that combines chemistry and engineering concepts that help to solve problems related to world hunger, pollution of our environment, creating new materials, or meeting demands for energy. Chemical engineers develop low cost processes for useful chemical products, which make it possible for both poor nations and the United States to manufacture important fertilizers. The roles of a chemical engineer in waste water treatment have to minimize the waste across the plant or reduction of waste loading to the treatment plant. Other than that, chemical engineer need to state whether its systems for the treatment and reuse of wastewater, process water treatment for industry, high-purity water for sensitive medical or scientific applications, or systems to supply clean drinking water to people and their families. Besides that, as a chemical engineer also responsible for providing expertise in their respective discipline as it applies to the hazard analysis of the process being studied. Therefore, we also in charge for attending the initial hazard analysis kick-off meeting. On the other hand, we are also required to be available to the team as required with the understanding that the team leader will give adequate advance notice when their expertise is required. Lastly we are necessary to provide documents of any existing safeguards and procedures. Skills/ knowledge required Many types of skills and knowledge are required for chemical engineer in waste water treatment. They required intensive knowledge in wastewater treatment technologies, so that they will more easy to solve the problems when they face the difficulty. On the other hand, they also need expertise in equipment design, influent water treatment, effluent monitoring, and wastewater recycling. In addition, proficiency in computer, programming, modeling and data analysis, for example AutoCAD, Microsoft Office, FOTRAN, Origin, Maple, Polymath, and other software are also the knowledge needed for chemical engineer. Moreover, strong technical writing, presentation, and project management skills are also useful skill for chemical engineer in order to present the researches after they have completed. Besides the skills at above the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) technique also needed for a chemical engineer working in industry. The HAZOP technique is most popular in most industry because that is technique which is structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation. Otherwise, HAZOP as well a qualitative technique based on guide-words and is carried out by a multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP team) during a set of meetings.

Spanish Conquistadors: Heroes Or Murderers :: essays research papers fc

Spanish Conquistadors: Heroes or Murderers "The Indians in the first fatal decades of the white man in America were conquered because they could not conceive what it was that the white man was after, and what manner of man he was." (The Indians of the Americas, p97) This misconception, was that the Indians could not imagine was that the Spanish Conquistadors would come to the Americas and brutally murder men women and children in the name of a god. They could not see how a group of people could follow such a god. The Spanish conquistadors raped the American natives of their naiveness. The Spanish conquistadors took away the Indians right to their way of life and their land. Living in the United States of America, it's hard to imagine a group of people coming into our country, and taking our land. But this event has already happened, almost 500 years ago. The people who dominated the United States before the Spanish invasion roamed among a 2 large continents. Today the Indians are restricted to reserves or â€Å"reservations†. Their land has been taken from them, and little if any was given in return. The people who live among these reservations try to preserve the â€Å"old way of life.† Another thing taken from the Indians of Americas was their way of life. One thing almost all people hold close to their heart is their way of life whatever it may be. The Indians however were persecuted for their beliefs and either killed or converted to the â€Å"Spanish Catholicism† or many other varying ways of life. This conversion did not take place peacefully. Many resisting Indians died for their cause. The Indians of the Americas could no longer hunt and gather food freely. Nor could they farm just for their community. Strong men were taken as slaves either to Hispaà ±ola (Modern Day Haiti), Cuba or taken back to Spain. Such slaves were often worked to death, because of the seemingly endless supply of American Indians. Other Indians were forced to pay tribute to the Spanish by working on farms to feed the invaders when they themselves were barely nourished enough to live. Some American Indians went so far as to commit mass suicides and not to have children, because they knew their fate if they were to go on living or to bring another child into the world only to see him or her worked to death (Collier, 63). Another very important factor in the demise of Native American Indians was disease, the native Americans had no immunity to the European diseases.

Nike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc

This report was collected from : [email  protected] com 01. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Consumer Behavior The term consumer behavior is defined as the behavior that consumers display in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating & disposing of products & services that they expect will satisfy their needs. Consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption related items. That includes what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases & disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality & maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i. e. – ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1. Origin of Report The report has been prepared for Mr. Junaid Khan, faculty at School of Business in North South University as a requirement of MKT344 course. This report is compulsory for students majoring in marketing. 1. 3 Limitations We had faced many obstacles whilst carrying out the survey. Some of the limitations faced were as (a). The survey sample was 50 persons, which was a negligible amount to obtain accurate answer. (b). Peop le were not eager to disclose their true income. (c). The survey was carried out in a posh area of Dhaka city i. . – in Banani, thus leaving a huge number of respondents outside the survey. (d). Some people didn’t read the questionnaire carefully and they gave results which may not reflect their true opinion. 02. RESEARCH STRUCTURE 2. 1 Methodology In preparing this report we have used both qualitative & quantitative method. (a). Primary Data We collected primary data by carrying out a survey on 50 people. In the survey there were 16 questions, all of them close ended. We carried out the survey in three days. (b). Secondary Data We collected secondary data from the retail outlets. We collected a price list of Nike, Reebok & Adidas shoes from these outlets. 2. 2 Questionnaire Design The target sample was set up first before preparing the survey questionnaire. We choose the middle class & upper class educated people as our respondents. That’s why we distributed our questionnaires among the students, faculties & people in North South University. The survey questionnaire was divided in three major parts i. e. – demography, perception about Nike & perceptual mapping of Nike. In the demographic part we asked questions to determine the social class, age group & profession. In the perception section we developed questions in a way to identify consumer perception about Nike itself, usage of Nike & Nike users. In the last part, perceptual mapping we requested the respondents to rank (i. e. – 1, 2, 3 etc) Nike in terms of price, quality & performance compared with other leading brands. Also we asked the respondents to rank features (in order of importance i. e. – 1, 2, 3, 4 etc) that they would consider in buying Nike. 03. WHAT IS PERCEPTION? 3. 1 Perception Perception is defined as the process by which an individual select, organizes & interprets stimuli into a meaningful & coherent picture of the world. It can be described as ‘how see the world around us’. Indeed the study of perception is largely the study of what we subconsciously add to or subtract from raw sensory input to produce our own private picture of the world. Suppose two people being exposed to the same Nike product may perceive differently. One might perceive Nike shoes to be high in performance if he/she is satisfied using it, while the other person may perceive the same Nike shoe having low performance. This proves that perception varies from person to person. 3. 2 Product Positioning The essence of successful marketing is the image that a product or service has in the minds of consumers – that is, its positioning. Positioning is more important to the ultimate success of a product than are its actual characteristics. The core of effective positioning is a unique position that the product occupies in the minds of the consumer. (a). Positioning of Nike itself (1 = Very High, 2 = High, 3 = Average, 4 = Low, 5 = Poor) |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Price |46% |42% |4% |2% |6% | |Brand Image |54% |42% |4% |0% |0% | |Quality |36% |42% |22% |0% |0% | |Satisfaction |26% |40% |30% |4% |0% | |Smartness |30% |42% |18% |2% |8% | (b). Positioning of Nike in terms of users (1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Disagree, 5 = Strongly Disagree) |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Rich People |50% |42% |8% |0% |0% | |Athletes |44% |40% |16% |0% |0% | |Satisfied Past Users |28% |38% |24% |10% |0% | |Brand Loyal C ustomers |30% |38% |20% |4% |8% | (c). Positioning of Nike in terms of use Nike shoes are suitable for ( + 4 = Strongly agree, + 2 = Agree, 0 = Neither agree nor disagree, – 2 = Disagree, – 4 = Strongly Disagree) |+ 4 |+ 2 |0 |- 2 |- 4 | |Only Sport activities |24% |44% |8% |12% |12% | |Only Work activities |8% |12% |42% |16% |22% | |Sports & work |26% |40% |26% |4% |4% | 3. 3 Perception & Purchase Based on perception the consumers purchase intentions occurs. How consumer perceives a product in terms of price, quality & status has a strong influence on purchase intentions & purchase satisfaction. In this section we have figured out only the future purchase intention of consumer about Nike. (a). Perception & Purchase ( + 4 = Definitely, + 2 = Probably, 0 = Uncertain, – 2 = Probably will not, – 4 = Definitely Will not) |+ 4 |+ 2 |0 |- 2 |- 4 | |I will buy Nike next time I buy a shoe |10% |14% |44% |14% |18% | |I will buy a Nike shoe during next 6 months |10 % |4% |36% |18% |32% | |I will recommend others to buy Nike |12% |24% |48% |6% |10% | |I will buy Nike for sports activities |20% |28% |20% |12% |20% | 04. PERCEPTUAL MAPPING 4. 1 Perceptual Mapping The technique of perceptual mapping helps marketers determine just how their products or service appears to consumers in relation to competitive brands on one or more relevant characteristics. It enables them to see gaps in the positioning of all brands in the product or service class and to identify areas in which consumer needs are not being adequately met. 4. 2 Price vs. Quality How consumers perceive the quality of a product is important factor in determining the purchase intention. If the product is not one of high quality the consumer may not be interested in patronizing the product. Besides the quality of a product is a factor that sets the price that consumers are willing to pay. |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Quality |5 |3 |4 |1 |2 |6 | [pic] Figure (price vs. quality) From the diagram it is inferred that people perceive Nike as a high priced shoe with high quality. 4. 3 Price vs. Performance How a product is perceived by consumers in terms of performance (output) is a factor that affects the brand equity of the product and influence repeat purchase intention of consumers. If the consumer is not satisfied with the performance of a product, then it is likely that purchase will not be repeated & the manufacturer will not be able to maintain brand loyal customers. | |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Performance |4 |2 |5 |1 |3 |6 | [pic] Figure (price vs. performance) From the diagram it seen that Nike is perceived as a high priced shoe with high performance. 05. FINDINGS (a). Demographic Part 01. Gender Male |Female | |66% |34% | 02. Age Group |19-30 |31-45 |>45 | |80% |16% |4% | 03. Marital Status |Married |Unmarried | |8% |92% | 04. Education Level |HSC |A level |Graduate |Post Graduate |Doctoral | |38% |10% |40% |10% |2% | 05. Gross monthly family income (In Taka) |25,000-39,999 |40,000-54,999 |55,000-69,9999 |>70,000 | |30% |22% |20% |28% | 06. Profession Student |Government Service |Private Service |Business |Self Employed | |76% |0% |18% |0% |6% | 07. I live in a |Rented House |Own Apartment |Rented Apartment |Government |Own House |Hostel | | | | |House | | | |16% |26% |16% |6% |32% |4% | 08. I reside in Motijheel |Purana Paltan |Segunbagicha |Shantinagar |Malibagh | |0% |8% |2% |0% |4% | |Dhanmondi |Mohammadpur |Lalmatia |Mirpur |Gulshan | |8% |8% |0% |10% |8% | |Banani |DOHS |Baridhara |Uttara |Others | |4% |2% |2% |14% |30% | (b). General Part 09. I recognize Nike by Logo |Name |Logo & Name | |30% |6% |64% | 14. I know about Nike from (Rank in order of importance i. e. – 1,2,3 etc) |TV |Newspaper |Billboards |Magazine |Internet |Friends | |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |4 | 15. If I buy Nike the most important fe ature to me would be (Rank in order of importance i. e. – 1,2,3 ) Self Image |Style |Color |Status | |6 |5 |4 |3 | |Price |Need Fulfillment |Original |Country of Origin | |8 |2 |1 |7 | 16. Please rank the following brands based on price, quality & performance (i. e. – 1, 2, 3 etc) |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Quality |5 |3 |4 |1 |2 |6 | |Performance |4 |2 |5 |1 |3 |6 | 06. SURVEY ANALYSIS Most of our respondents said they recognize Nike by logo and name, because Nike symbols along with their name are stamped on shoes worldwide and also on various garments. The advertising emphasis of the use of Nike shoes by prominent sportsmen tends to make consumers feel that wearing Nike shoes is a form of smartness. The brand image is high because people who wear Nike shoes in general, are convinced that Nike keeps up to its standard and also after using Nike shoes, they are satisfied with the quality of the shoes and the purpose for which they bought the shoes. People think that price of Nike is high, because in comparison to other brands like Adidas, Reebok, Puma and Fila, the price is a bit on the high side. The price data collected from the outlets proved people’s perception to be true. Rich people because of their attempt to enhance their status symbol usually buy goods of reputed brands, so more rich people tend to buy Nike shoes. Athletes tend to buy Nike shoes because of the comfort and Nike has always promoted itself as being a sports oriented shoe company. In its advertisement, Nike has used mostly sportsmen like Andre Agassi and Michel Jordan to convey this message. Nike shoes ensure high performance for various sports activities and are smooth when it comes to running or playing sports and are durable, so people tend to think that Nike is suitable mostly for sports activities. Brand loyal customers are used to the comfort in using Nike brand, but when using other brands they don’t feel the same level of comfort or satisfaction that they get from Nike. As a reason they stick to using Nike shoes and for them it is a status symbol. Majority of our respondents were reluctant to buy Nike shoe, although they perceived Nike having a high brand image, maybe of the high pricing of Nike shoes. Since they do not have much disposable income, they cannot afford to buy Nike shoe (yet they wish to buy) and resort to buying cheaper brands like Fila and Puma, although they know that the quality of Nike is much better. In Bangladesh because of the cable television, people are exposed to enormous amount of foreign medium. People are exposed to Nike shoes advertisement on foreign channels, so majority said they came to know about Nike shoes first on television. Also in Bangladesh a lot of foreign magazines including sports magazines are available. From these magazines, in hich Nike ads are depicted, people came to know a great deal about Nike shoes. In the Bangladeshi newspapers, there are hardly any ads of Nike shoes, so only a tiny portion of our respondents came to know about Nike shoes from newspaper The people in Banglades h who intend to buy Nike first see whether the Nike shoe is original. Consumers want original shoes because of their status and self-esteem and it helps them fulfill their ego need. Price comes last for these customers, because most consumers can afford the price. 07. CONCLUSION Nike manufacturers have tried to create a distinct positioning of the Nike shoe in terms of quality and satisfaction in comparison to its other competitors i. e. – Adidas, Reebok etc. People in Bangladesh have found Nike to be of high quality and to be of great satisfaction to them, but due to their income limitations, most of people are uncertain as to whether they will buy a Nike shoe now or in the near future. Manufacturers have tried to create a distinct image of Nike in consumers mind, which proved to be successful according to our survey result. From the survey we found that Nike is perceived as a high priced & high brand image shoe in the consumers mind. Thus it can be said that Nike is a mega brand in Bangladesh, like it is in other parts of the world. 08. BIBLIOGRAPHY (i). www. nike. com (ii). Consumer Behavior, LEON, G. SCHIFFMAN AND LESLIE LAZAR, 8th Ed, Pearson Education, Singapore.